Pip: SSL：CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED 与 Python 3.6.0

• 点子版本：9.0.1
• Python版本：3.6.0
• 操作系统：macOS Sierra

描述：

我在运行pip install -U channels时收到pypi.python.org的证书错误。 我不知道问题是否与pip或Python 3.6.0或其他东西有关。 我尝试了以下建议，但都没有奏效。

pip --trusted-host pypi.python.org install -U channels

export PIP_CERT=/Users/user/Desktop/certificate_which_i_obtained_from_pypi_dot_python_dot_org.crt
pip install -U channels

下面的cacert.pem是curl的证书。
pip --cert /Users/user/cacert.pem install -U channels

我还怀疑这个问题可能与 Python 3.6.0 有关。 因为考虑以下输出：

user<strong i="25">@host</strong>:~$ python
Python 3.6.0 (v3.6.0:41df79263a11, Dec 22 2016, 17:23:13) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>> context = ssl.create_default_context()
>>> context.cert_store_stats()
{'x509': 0, 'crl': 0, 'x509_ca': 0}
>>> context.get_ca_certs()
[]
>>> 

我跑了什么：

(virtualenv) user<strong i="29">@host</strong>:~/Documents/virtualenv$ pip install -U channels
Collecting channels
  Using cached channels-0.17.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting asgiref>=0.13 (from channels)
  Using cached asgiref-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting daphne>=0.14.1 (from channels)
  Using cached daphne-0.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already up-to-date: Django>=1.8 in ./lib/python3.6/site-packages (from channels)
Collecting six (from asgiref>=0.13->channels)
  Using cached six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting twisted>=16.0 (from daphne>=0.14.1->channels)
  Using cached Twisted-16.6.0.tar.bz2
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/incremental/: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749) -- Some packages may not be found!
    Couldn't find index page for 'incremental' (maybe misspelled?)
    Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749) -- Some packages may not be found!
    No local packages or working download links found for incremental>=16.10.1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/private/var/folders/45/r4yr9bbj29dfbtxqv75_785m0000gn/T/pip-build-02d49zb3/twisted/setup.py", line 21, in <module>
        setuptools.setup(**_setup["getSetupArgs"]())
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/distutils/core.py", line 108, in setup
        _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)
      File "/Users/user/Documents/virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 316, in __init__
        self.fetch_build_eggs(attrs['setup_requires'])
      File "/Users/user/Documents/virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 371, in fetch_build_eggs
        replace_conflicting=True,
      File "/Users/user/Documents/virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 846, in resolve
        dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(req, ws, installer)
      File "/Users/user/Documents/virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1118, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "/Users/user/Documents/virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1130, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "/Users/user/Documents/virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 439, in fetch_build_egg
        return cmd.easy_install(req)
      File "/Users/user/Documents/virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 668, in easy_install
        raise DistutilsError(msg)
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('incremental>=16.10.1')

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/45/r4yr9bbj29dfbtxqv75_785m0000gn/T/pip-build-02d49zb3/twisted/
(virtualenv) user<strong i="30">@host</strong>:~/Documents/virtualenv$