Socket.io-client: 无效的命名空间错误（仅在 Linux Ubuntu 上）

我有一个要在设备上运行的 NodeJS 脚本和一个服务器上的应用程序。 我想将设备连接到服务器上的/device命名空间。 这在 Windows 上非常有效。 然而，在 Ubuntu 上，设备永远不会连接。 传递一个 DEBUG 环境变量给出了这个输出：

socket.io-client:url parse http://localhost:3000/device +0ms
  socket.io-client new io instance for http://localhost:3000/device +7ms
  socket.io-client:manager readyState closed +5ms
  socket.io-client:manager opening http://localhost:3000/device +0ms
  engine.io-client:socket creating transport "websocket" +3ms
  engine.io-client:socket setting transport websocket +47ms
  socket.io-client:manager connect attempt will timeout after 20000 +2ms
  socket.io-client:manager readyState opening +4ms
  engine.io-client:socket socket receive: type "open", data "{"sid":"oYxMG7iQuy2Rp7LWAAAN","upgrades":[],"pingInterval":25000,"pingTimeout":60000}" +51ms
  engine.io-client:socket socket open +1ms
  socket.io-client:manager open +1ms
  socket.io-client:manager cleanup +1ms
  socket.io-client:socket transport is open - connecting +1ms
  socket.io-client:manager writing packet {"type":0,"query":"deviceId=123456789abcdef","nsp":"/device"} +1ms
  socket.io-parser encoding packet {"type":0,"query":"deviceId=123456789abcdef","nsp":"/device?deviceId=123456789abcdef"} +0ms
  socket.io-parser encoded {"type":0,"query":"deviceId=123456789abcdef","nsp":"/device?deviceId=123456789abcdef"} as 0/device?deviceId=123456789abcdef +1ms
  engine.io-client:socket flushing 1 packets in socket +1ms
  engine.io-client:socket socket receive: type "message", data "0" +14ms
  socket.io-parser decoded 0 as {"type":0,"nsp":"/"} +2ms
  engine.io-client:socket socket receive: type "message", data "4/device?deviceId=123456789abcdef,"Invalid namespace"" +3ms
  socket.io-parser decoded 4/device?deviceId=123456789abcdef,"Invalid namespace" as {"type":4,"nsp":"/device?deviceId=123456789abcdef","data":"Invalid namespace"} +2ms

即命名空间似乎是无效的。 我不知道为什么，因为这段代码在 Windows 上运行得很好。
我的设备（客户端）代码：

const socket = io.connect('http://localhost:3000/device', {
    transports: ['websocket'],
    secure: true,
    query: { deviceId: '123456789abcdef' }
});

socket.on('connect', function() {
    console.log('Connection to server established');
})

我的服务器代码：

  const device = io.of('/device'),
      portal = io.of('/portal');

  device.on('connection', function(socket) {
      console.log('Connection made');
  })

任何想法都会有用。