Virtualenv: pip install virtualenv损坏/缺少zipp软件包

如果我将Ubuntu的版本号更改为18.04，则相同的命令有效

因此，我在IRC上获得了一些帮助， pip install -U pip解决了此问题。

不过，这对以下任何一个都将是很好的：

• 固定或
• 如果系统的pip版本太旧而不能支持最新版本，则终止并显示错误消息

我们今天才通过https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/pull/1628对此进行了改进

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 6, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3241, in <module>
    <strong i="7">@_call_aside</strong>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3225, in _call_aside
    f(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3254, in _initialize_master_working_set
    working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 585, in _build_master
    return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 598, in _build_from_requirements
    dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 786, in resolve
    raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'zipp>=0.5' distribution was not found and is required by importlib-metadata

由于zipp软件包无法与setuptools 41.0.0一起使用...

在这种情况下，setuptools 42.0.0可以工作👍

这不是virtualenv中的错误，如果您pip install zipp您会看到相同的问题

这是两件事的结合：

1. pip<9将忽略python_requires选择最新版本
2. python2.x pip无法利用py36-none-any滚轮，因此它必须从源代码构建
3. setuptools<30.3无法从源代码构建声明性元数据包

所以你最终得到：

• 在python2.x上的python3.6 + zipp的错误安装，名为“ unknown == 0.0.0”

最简单的解决方法是使用pip的较新版本来安装virtualenv或使用zipapp

@gaborbernat我不认为这是virtualenv本身，因为在那里提供了py2.py3-none-any轮子，并且将一直使用到pip==1.5

是的，不是它本身。 但是我们的用户为此受到了打击； 我很想将https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/blob/master/setup.py#L4提高到42 ...这似乎可以解决它。

从轮子安装后，该代码根本无法运行

从用户的角度来看，最好的办法是显示一条错误消息，例如：“不支持的pip版本，请先运行'pip install -U pip'”。

如果安装了车轮，我们将无能为力，问题已经过去了。 如果某人是从源头安装的，那么他们不一定需要较新的pip，只需较新的setuptools。 如果他们使用较新的setuptools，我们可能会因更有用的帮助而失败。 我相信这是我们在这里可以做的最好的事情。

您甚至可以在运行时显示它。 在非常老的pip版本上运行时，它应该只显示一条错误消息。

@gaborbernat虽然没有帮助，但是pip仍会安装与正在运行的python不兼容的zipp版本（1.1是支持python2.x的最新版本）：

$ virtualenv venv -ppython2
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2
Already using interpreter /usr/bin/python2
New python executable in /tmp/y/venv/bin/python2
Also creating executable in /tmp/y/venv/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
$ . venv/bin/activate
$ pip install 'pip<9' 'setuptools>=42'
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Collecting pip<9
  Using cached pip-8.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=42 in ./venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (44.0.0)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 20.0.2
    Uninstalling pip-20.0.2:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2
Successfully installed pip-8.1.2
$ pip install zipp
Collecting zipp
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/85/668bca4a9ef474ca634c993e768f12bd99af1f06bb90bb2655bc538a967e/zipp-2.2.0.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: zipp
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for zipp ... done
  Stored in directory: /home/asottile/.cache/pip/wheels/a0/1f/9d/d132b3fbc38b33322681e3a7830c0a29fce7f55c3a06b85c65
Successfully built zipp
Installing collected packages: zipp
Successfully installed zipp-2.2.0
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 20.0.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

从头开始思考这个问题，我认为我们在这里无能为力。 如果已经安装了，我们知道依赖项是否正确的唯一方法是手动检查...，这非常昂贵。

我们需要做的就是按照https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/1618记录上面@asottile所说的内容

从用户的角度来看，最好的办法是显示一条错误消息，例如：“不支持的pip版本，请先运行'pip install -U pip'”。

在使用较旧版本时，如果该pip已经产生警告（我注意到您已在docker脚本中禁用了该警告），建议您进行升级，是否会添加另一条消息来告诉您您所使用的版本已过时，这实际上有帮助吗？

（这不是一个夸张的或讽刺的问题-Python打包的主要问题之一是，每当我们引入新标准时，旧版本的工具就不支持它们，我们需要找到最佳方法来鼓励用户跟上因此，了解如何有效地将信息传达给用户对我们来说非常重要）。

我注意到您在docker脚本中将其禁用

哪里？ 我看到了所有警告，Python 2.7 EOL等。

无论如何，也许我们能做的最好的事情就是为Google提供此服务，至少现在它发现了“ ImportError：没有名为zipp的模块”的问题，因此人们可以找到pip更新修复程序。

--disable-pip-version-check

Dockerfile中需要这样做以避免缓存。 我在想某种警告，例如2.7 EOL红线，这些警告非常明显。

因此，我尝试不使用它，而这只是毫无意义。

You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 20.0.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

线。 当然，每个人都在Dockerfiles中禁用此功能，因为它始终显示，即使20.0.3即将发布。

尽管最新版本的pip仍然存在此问题：

$ pip3 --version
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
pip 20.2.3 from /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
$ pip3 install -U pip
# removing repeated "pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper" messages
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages (20.2.3)
$ pip3 install -U pip3
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip3 (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for pip3
$ pip3 install -U virtualenv
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already up-to-date: virtualenv in /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages (20.0.33)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: distlib<1,>=0.3.1 in /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages (from virtualenv) (0.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: appdirs<2,>=1.4.3 in /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages (from virtualenv) (1.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: importlib-metadata<3,>=0.12; python_version < "3.8" in /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages (from virtualenv) (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six<2,>=1.9.0 in /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from virtualenv) (1.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: filelock<4,>=3.0.0 in /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages (from virtualenv) (3.0.12)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: zipp>=0.5 in /Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages (from importlib-metadata<3,>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->virtualenv) (3.3.0)
$ sudo /usr/bin/easy_install virtualenv
Searching for virtualenv
Best match: virtualenv 20.0.33
Processing virtualenv-20.0.33-py2.7.egg
virtualenv 20.0.33 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
Installing virtualenv script to /usr/local/bin

Using /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-20.0.33-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for virtualenv
Searching for zipp>=0.4
Reading https://pypi.org/simple/zipp/
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7b/50/8a41d217ae898bb7a422a55a2a2afc22dfaab42b7bce5fe771a3892fe5e7/zipp-3.3.0.tar.gz#sha256=64ad89efee774d1897a58607895d80789c59778ea02185dd846ac38394a8642b
Best match: zipp 3.3.0
Processing zipp-3.3.0.tar.gz
Writing /tmp/easy_install-QuPyHI/zipp-3.3.0/setup.cfg
Running zipp-3.3.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-QuPyHI/zipp-3.3.0/egg-dist-tmp-2lSPpU
  File "build/bdist.macosx-10.15-x86_64/egg/zipp.py", line 240
    def open(self, mode='r', *args, pwd=None, **kwargs):
                                      ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
Removing /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/zipp-0.0.0-py2.7.egg
Copying zipp-0.0.0-py2.7.egg to /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
zipp 0.0.0 is already the active version in easy-install.pth

Installed /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/zipp-0.0.0-py2.7.egg
error: The 'zipp>=0.4' distribution was not found and is required by importlib-resources
$ /usr/bin/easy_install virtualenv
error: can't create or remove files in install directory

The following error occurred while trying to add or remove files in the
installation directory:

    [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/test-easy-install-20543.write-test'

The installation directory you specified (via --install-dir, --prefix, or
the distutils default setting) was:

    /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/

Perhaps your account does not have write access to this directory?  If the
installation directory is a system-owned directory, you may need to sign in
as the administrator or "root" account.  If you do not have administrative
access to this machine, you may wish to choose a different installation
directory, preferably one that is listed in your PYTHONPATH environment
variable.

For information on other options, you may wish to consult the
documentation at:

  https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/easy_install.html

Please make the appropriate changes for your system and try again.

即使我有sudo pip3 install 'd virtualenv类似的错误

easy_install不是点子，不要使用它永远不是您想要的

各种指南（包括本指南）都声称这是解决此问题的方法（因此virtualenv是通过pip ，但在PATH上找不到）。 您有什么建议吗？

依克斯，绝对不听从他们的建议

在您的情况下，您正在执行--user安装，这意味着您需要在PATH上放置正确的bin目录-如果我不得不猜测可能是/Users/jackjack/Library/Python/3.7/bin （尽管我对macos不熟悉）

第一次安装应该已经就此警告过您（您可能可以通过pip3 uninstall virtualenv && pip3 install virtualenv重新获得消息传递

嗯，有趣。 事实证明，已经有一个文件/usr/local/bin/virtualenv ，内容如下：

#!/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'virtualenv==20.0.33','console_scripts','virtualenv'
__requires__ = 'virtualenv==20.0.33'
import re
import sys
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(
        load_entry_point('virtualenv==20.0.33', 'console_scripts', 'virtualenv')()
    )

请注意，它在shebang中硬编码为2.7，这可能是某些问题的根源，因为我使用pip3 。

我必须确保添加该路径（您猜对了-重新安装时该路径也是从pip3 install virtualenv输出的！）_before_ /usr/local/bin以确保它具有优先权。 现在正在工作-谢谢！

我建议卸载那个，但是大声笑， easy_install没有卸载（这是替换easy_install时带到表的pip的主要功能之一）